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Manu’s central philosophy was tolerance and pluralism, and was cited across Southeast Asia. During the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, sharia was established by the Muslim sultanates and empires, most notably Mughal Empire’s Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, compiled by emperor Aurangzeb and various scholars of Islam. In India, the Hindu legal tradition, along with Islamic law, were both supplanted by common law when India became part of the British Empire.

• Freedom of speech, freedom of association and many other individual rights allow people to gather, discuss, criticise and hold to account their governments, from which the basis of a deliberative democracy is formed.
• Immanuel Kant believed a moral imperative requires laws “be chosen as though they should hold as universal laws of nature”.
• Jurimetrics is the formal application of quantitative methods, especially probability and statistics, to legal questions.
• Common law systems are shaded pink, and civil law systems are shaded blue/turquoise.

It also forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe and has played an important role in the creation of the idea of a common European culture (Stein, Roman Law in European History, 2, 104–107). Competition law, known in …